SOCIAL SCIENCE: HISTORY

HISTORY

PREHISTORY

ANCIENT AGE

From 1100 BC, Mediterranean cultures began arriving on the Iberian Peninsula and founding colonies. They were the Phoenicians, Ancient Greeks and Carthaginians.

The Phoenicians

• They originally came from the Near East (what we call nowadays Lebanon)
• Founded colonies on the Mediterranean coast such as Gadir (Cádiz) and Malaka (Málaga).
• They were the best navigators in the Mediterranean, as well as skilled metalworkers and glass producers. They came to Spain to create new trading routes and use its metal resources (gold, silver, iron and copper).
• 
  They were literate and brought their alphabet to the Iberian Peninsula.

The Ancient Greeks

They founded trading colonies on the Iberian Peninsula, including:

• Rhode (Rosas)
• Emporion (Ampurias)
• They had their own currency and trade links with the Phoenicians.
• They came to the Iberian Peninsula to develop trade and use its natural resources, including its metals.
• Were great sculptors and influenced native works such as the Dama de Elche by the Iberians.
• Also greatly influenced other cultures, including Roman culture, which was based on Greek architecture, art and philosophy. They even had same gods, but gave them different names.

The Carthaginians

• From the city of Carthage in North Africa.
• They controlled Ebussus (Ibiza) and founded Carthago Nova (Cartagena).
• They attacked the Greek colony of Saguntum (Sagunto), which was under Roman control. A general called Hannibal led the attack.
• They often battled with the Romans. They became the main cultural influence in Spain until their defeat by the Romans in 146 BC.

ACTIVITIES

1.- Why did the Phoenicians come to the Iberian Peninsula?

2.- What were the Phoenicians good at?

3.- Where were the Carthaginians from?

4.- Make a chart naming the main Phoenician, Greek and Carthaginian colonies in Spain.

5.- Find out 3 names of Greek gods and their equivalent Roman names

ROMAN CONQUEST

1.When do the Romans conquer the Iberian peninsula?

2.How did they call the Iberian peninsula?

3. Name the most important Roman leaders in the conquest of the Iberian peninsula.

4. What happened in 410 AC?

5. How was the fall of the Roman Empire and when?