NATURAL SCIENCE: OUR BODY

OUR BODY

RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

The respiratory system is made up of a group of organs that help us breathe. We breathe in oxygen and breathe out carbon dioxide. 

Air enters our lungs through the nose, mouth, trachea and bronchi. 

Oxygen then passes into our blood through the alveoli. 

Carbon dioxide from our blood passes into our lungs, also through the alveoli. 

When we breathe out, the carbon dioxide leaves our lungs. 

The diaphragm is a strong muscle below the lungs which contracts when we breathe in and relaxes when we breathe out.

CIRCULATORY SYSTEM

The circulatory system consists of the heart, blood vessels and blood. 

It moves blood through the heart and around the body. 

Blood gives our cells the oxygen and nutrients they need. 

Blood also collects waste products, such as carbon dioxide, and takes them to the parts of the body which expel them.

1.- What are the 3 types of blood vessels?

The 3 types of blood vessels are arteries, veins ans capillaries.

2.- What is an artery?

It is a vessel which carries blood from the heart to the rest of the body.

3. What is a vein?

It is a vessel which carries the blood from the rest of the body to the heart.

4.- What is a capillary?

It is a very thin vessel that connects arteries to veins.

5.- What are the 4 main parts of the heart?

Right atrium, right ventricle, left atrium, left ventricle.

Reproductive system

Our reproductive system makes it possible for us to have babies. While the other body systems are the same for men and women, the reproductive systems are different.

MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

The testicles produce sperm which is the male sex cell. The testicles are located in a bag of skin called the scrotum. The penis is connected to the testicles by small tubes. The urethra is a tube in the penis. The sperm travels through the urethra to the outside of the body.

FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

The two ovaries store and produce eggs. Ovum is the female sex cell.

The uterus is connected to the ovaries by tubes which are called Fallopian tubes.

The vagina is a muscular tube. It connects the uterus to the outside of the body. The vulva is on the outside of the body and covers the opening to the vagina

HOW BABIES ARE MADE

The fertilised ovum immediately divides into two cells, these cells then divide again and again over the next couple of days. The female is now pregnant.

The place where the embryo plants itself is inside the uterus.

During pregnancy, the placenta provides oxygen and nutrients from the food she eats go through the umbilical cord to the fetus.

The umbilical cord is a soft tube from the placenta to the tummy button of the fetus.

There is a bag of thin skin filled with fluid protecting the skin of the developing baby.

The baby can move around safely inside the mother for 9 months until he or she is ready to be born into our world.

Healthy habits to avoid diseases

1. Wash your hands often

2: Stop nose picking

3: Breathe the right way

4:Eat a healthy diet

5: Have a shower everyday.

6: Cut your nails regularly

7: Avoid sharing personal items

8: Always apply sunscreen

9: Say no to sugary items

10: Practise some sport.

11: Good sleep

12: Drink lot of water

13: Say no to junk food

14: Say no to alcohol, drugs and cigarettes

NEGATIVE EFFECTS OF DRUGS AND ALCOHOL

The abuse of these substances can change everything from your body to your life.

Brain: Drugs and alcohol change the way you feel by altering the chemicals that keep your brain working smoothly.

Health Complications: Drug and alcohol impacts every part of your body from your heart to your brain.

Legal Consequences: Driving under the influence of drugs or alcohol can lead to pay heavy fines and may even spend some time in jail.

Injuries and Death: If you use drugs and alcohol, you’re more likely to experience physical injury or be involved in car accidents. 

DISCOVERING OUR DNA WITH 4th B